Aircraft windows are not simple transparent components. They are structural elements. They must withstand extreme stresses and guarantee passenger safety throughout every phase of flight. For this reason, their production requires specific materials and rigorous engineering processes. In addition, every stage is subject to strict international regulations.

In this article, we look at the technical characteristics of aircraft windows. We explain which materials are used and which regulations govern the sector.

Why aircraft windows are special

Aircraft windows operate in conditions very different from glass used in construction or the automotive industry. During flight, an aircraft reaches cruising altitudes above 10,000 metres. At that altitude, the outside temperature drops to around -50°C. Atmospheric pressure, moreover, is much lower than the pressure inside the cabin.

This pressure difference creates a constant load on the window. The component must maintain its integrity for the entire duration of the flight. Vibrations, rapid temperature changes and, occasionally, impacts from debris or birds add to this load.

For these reasons, every aircraft window is a multi-layer system. Each layer has a specific function: structural strength, thermal insulation, UV protection and safety in the event of breakage.

Materials: laminated glass, acrylic, polycarbonate

The choice of materials for aircraft windows depends on the component’s position and the required performance. Here are the three main materials:

• Laminated glass. Manufacturers use it mainly for cockpit windshields. Here, mechanical strength and optical clarity are the priorities. Laminated glass consists of several layers alternated with polymer interlayers. These layers absorb energy on impact and hold the panel together even after partial breakage.
• Acrylic (PMMA). It is one of the most common materials for passenger windows. It offers a good balance of light weight, transparency and cost. Its optical properties are excellent, but it withstands impact less well than other polymers.
• Polycarbonate. Designers choose it when impact resistance is the priority. They use it, for example, for ballistic protection or high-energy impacts, such as in the defence sector. It offers greater mechanical strength but requires specific surface treatments against scratching.

In many applications, manufacturers combine these materials into layered structures. This way, they achieve the best balance of weight, strength, durability and optical quality.

Differential pressure and strength

Managing differential pressure is one of the most critical aspects of window design. This term refers to the difference between the pressure inside the cabin and the pressure outside at altitude. The load acts continuously throughout the flight. As a result, it must not compromise the structural integrity of the component.

For this reason, passenger windows generally have three panes:

1. An outer structural pane.
2. An inner safety pane, which acts as a backup if the outer pane fails.
3. An inner trim pane, non-structural, with an aesthetic and protective function.

A small breather hole in the middle pane equalises the pressure between the two chambers. This also reduces condensation build-up.

Every component undergoes rigorous strength testing. Engineers simulate repeated pressurisation and depressurisation cycles. They also carry out impact tests and extreme-temperature resistance tests. Only in this way can they verify compliance with the safety margins required by the industry.

FAA/EASA regulations

Bodies such as the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) in the United States and EASA (European Union Aviation Safety Agency) in Europe regulate the production and installation of aircraft windows. Both define detailed technical requirements. These requirements cover mechanical strength, failure behaviour, fire resistance and compatibility with other aircraft systems.

Federal Aviation Regulation Part 25, for example, applies to transport-category aircraft. This regulation sets the minimum criteria that windows must meet. These include load resistance, structural redundancy and post-failure behaviour. Compliance with these requirements is a prerequisite for obtaining airworthiness certification.

Certification process

The certification process for a transparent aviation component involves several stages.

First, designers define the requirements based on the applicable regulation and aircraft type. A laboratory testing phase follows, covering mechanical strength, impact resistance, extreme-temperature behaviour and ageing resistance.

After this phase, the relevant certifying body verifies the component’s compliance. It reviews the technical documentation and test results. Only at the end of this process does the body approve the component for installation on civil or military aircraft, in line with the aerospace industry’s international safety standards.

The luxury yachting sector places particular demands on glass. No other industry faces the same challenges to the same extent. On board a superyacht, glass is not simply an architectural element. It is an integral part of the structure. It contributes to the safety of the vessel. And it defines the onboard experience.

Designing yacht glass therefore means reconciling three needs: aesthetics, technical performance and regulatory compliance. Every component must withstand extreme operating conditions, typical of the marine environment.

Why a superyacht requires special solutions

On board a yacht, glass is subjected to stresses that a building never encounters. Waves, structural vibrations, thermal cycling, salt exposure and continuous UV radiation put every material to the test.

Added to these stresses are the constraints typical of naval construction. Dimensions and weight, in particular, directly affect the vessel’s performance: every kilogram counts.

Yacht glass must also comply with the standards set by naval classification societies. These regulations govern mechanical strength, fire behaviour and watertightness. For this reason, design requires a dedicated engineering approach. Materials, laminations and treatments are selected according to the specific application: windscreens, side windows, portholes, sunroofs or glazed walls in common areas.

Large-size glass and complex shapes

Contemporary superyacht design favours wide, continuous glazed surfaces. Often curved, these surfaces maximise natural light. They also increase the sense of openness to the sea.

Producing large panels with complex geometries brings significant technical challenges, though. Glass curving must be controlled with precision. Dimensional tolerances require careful management. And integration with the hull structure adds a further layer of complexity.

Processing involves tempering and lamination calibrated with care. This ensures optical uniformity even over large surfaces, avoiding visual distortion that would compromise the onboard experience. Design also accounts for the vessel’s dynamic behaviour: the glass must absorb flexing and vibration without generating localised stresses that would reduce its durability over time.

Smart glass and privacy on superyachts

Adjustable privacy is a central theme in superyacht interiors. Owner’s cabins, lounges and spa areas call for flexible solutions. Smart glass technologies respond well to this need.

Electrochromic and liquid crystal glass allow the opacity of the surface to be varied electrically. This removes the need for curtains or mechanical shading.

This solution offers two main benefits. On one hand, it maintains visual continuity with the surroundings even when opaque. On the other, it reduces the footprint of shading elements and simplifies maintenance. Integrating smart glass systems, however, requires careful evaluation: energy consumption, resistance to the marine environment and compatibility with the other onboard electrical systems.

The custom design process

Every yacht glazing project starts as shared work. Shipyard, design studio and glass manufacturer collaborate from the early stages.

The process begins with an analysis of the vessel’s requirements. This analysis covers expected structural loads, applicable classification regulations and the aesthetic specifications set by the interior and exterior design project.

Based on this data, technical drawings and prototypes are developed. These then undergo mechanical, thermal and, where required, ballistic testing. Only once validation is complete does production of the final components begin, calibrated to the vessel’s specific dimensions and curvatures.

This approach integrates naval engineering expertise with technical glass manufacturing. The result is bespoke solutions, able to meet the criteria of safety, performance and design: essential elements for the luxury superyacht segment.

What is smart glass

Smart glass, or intelligent glazing, is a glazing solution that can change its own optical properties. It can adjust transparency, opacity and its ability to filter light and heat. This happens in response to an external stimulus: electrical, thermal or light-based.

Traditional glass keeps fixed characteristics over time. Smart glass works differently. It allows dynamic control over natural light and thermal gain inside a building. As a result, it offers active management of environmental comfort.

In construction, smart glass is one of the most concrete answers to a growing demand. Building owners want higher energy efficiency. They also want better comfort for occupants. Adoption is steadily increasing across residential, commercial and infrastructure projects. Regulations are also playing a role, as they increasingly push toward lower building energy consumption.

How it works (physical principle)

Smart glass relies on one of four main technologies: electrochromic, thermochromic, photochromic or liquid-crystal. Each follows a different physical principle.

In electrochromic systems, an applied voltage triggers a chemical reaction. This happens within a thin layer of active material, typically tungsten oxide. The reaction changes the material’s molecular structure. In turn, this changes how much light passes through the glass. The process is fully reversible. It allows gradual tint adjustment, from clear to fully darkened.

Thermochromic systems work differently. They respond to temperature rather than voltage. Once a critical threshold is exceeded, the active material changes its crystalline structure. It then automatically reduces transmission of infrared radiation. No electrical power is needed.

Photochromic glass responds to light intensity. It darkens under strong sunlight, similar to photochromic eyewear. Liquid-crystal systems (PDLC) work differently again. They use an electrical field to align molecules dispersed in a polymer layer. The glass switches from opaque and diffusive to transparent within moments.

Types of smart glass

Several types of smart glass are available today. Each differs in technology, response time and typical use.

• Electrochromic glass: offers precise, gradual control over tinting. Transition times range from a few minutes, depending on the surface size. It is the most common choice in high-end architectural projects.
• Thermochromic glass: needs no electrical power or control systems. It suits projects that prioritize simple installation and low maintenance.
• Photochromic glass: responds automatically to ambient light. It is more established in automotive and eyewear applications than in construction.
• Liquid-crystal glass (PDLC): switches instantly between transparent and opaque states. It works best for dynamic privacy needs rather than thermal control.
• SPD glass (Suspended Particle Device): allows fine, continuous tint adjustment through voltage changes. Response times are very fast.

Each technology has its own energy performance and integration requirements. The right choice depends on the specific goals of the project.

Applications: facades, roofing, partitions

Smart glass is used across several parts of a building. This includes both the exterior envelope and interior spaces.

In curtain wall facades, smart glass manages solar gain dynamically. This reduces glare. It also helps limit thermal load on the HVAC system. At the same time, interiors keep their transparency and natural brightness.

In glazed roofing, such as skylights and sawtooth roof systems, the technology modulates direct sunlight entering the spaces below. This improves visual comfort. It also reduces the risk of overheating during peak daylight hours.

In interior partitions, smart glass serves offices, meeting rooms and healthcare facilities. The PDLC variant is especially common here. It provides privacy on demand, replacing curtains and blinds. The result is a cleaner look and easier maintenance, since privacy control is built directly into the glass.

Energy and comfort benefits

Smart glass delivers measurable benefits on two fronts: energy performance and occupant comfort.

On the energy side, dynamic solar gain control reduces summer cooling demand. It also limits heat loss in winter. Over time, this can improve a building’s energy rating and lower operating costs.

On the comfort side, better glare control and more stable indoor temperatures improve daily experience for occupants. Buildings need fewer additional shading solutions, such as curtains or blinds. Architects also gain new design freedom. They can integrate the technology into flexible, aesthetic solutions tailored to each building’s needs.

Finally, smart glass can connect to building automation systems. This allows tinting to adjust automatically based on solar irradiation, outdoor temperature and space occupancy. The result is better overall building performance, with less manual intervention required.

Glazed surfaces are a key technical and aesthetic element in yacht design. On board a yacht, glass does more than close off and protect spaces from the elements. It also shapes the comfort of interiors, the brightness of living spaces and the overall style of the vessel.

So, choosing the right materials and processes matters a lot. It means meeting strict requirements for safety, durability and regulatory compliance. And it means doing so while keeping a high aesthetic standard.

The different areas that need glass for yachts

Every yacht includes several types of glazed surfaces. Each one has its own function and its own design constraints.

Take the windshield on the bridge, for example. It needs particularly high optical and structural performance. Why? Because it must guarantee visibility in any weather and sea condition, and withstand constant dynamic stress.

Cabin windows and portholes sit along the hull. They must ensure watertightness and resist water pressure. On top of that, they need to provide proper thermal and acoustic insulation, so interior spaces stay comfortable.

Then there is panoramic glazing in saloons and lounge areas. This mainly serves brightness and visual continuity with the outside, two things that matter more and more in modern yacht design.

Finally, other glazed elements include:

• Glass railings and balustrades, structural components that must ensure safety even in strong winds and rough seas
• Sliding roof glazing, exposed to continuous opening and closing cycles as well as prolonged direct exposure to the elements

Materials for the marine environment

The marine environment is demanding. So glass materials need to be up to the task.

Tempered glass is a common choice. Why? It offers strong mechanical resistance, and when it breaks, it shatters into small, low-risk fragments.

Laminated glass goes a step further. It is made by bonding multiple glass layers with polymer interlayers. As a result, it offers an even higher level of safety: it keeps the surface intact after impact and reduces the risk of water or debris getting through.

Weight matters too, especially in aerospace and in some high-performance yacht configurations. That is where hybrid solutions come in, combining glass with transparent polymers. These can significantly cut the overall weight of the structure, without compromising strength.

So, which material is right? It depends on where the glass will be installed, how the yacht is used, and the performance requirements set during the design phase.

Resistance to salt and UV exposure

Salt, humidity and UV radiation. Together, they are one of the main causes of degradation for glazed surfaces in a marine environment.

That is why surface treatments and coatings matter so much. Applied to the glass panels, they help preserve both the optical and structural properties of the glass over time. In practice, this means less clouding, less yellowing and less loss of clarity.

Anti-reflective and anti-UV coatings keep the visual performance of the glazing consistent over the years. Water-repellent treatments, meanwhile, make routine maintenance easier by cutting down salt buildup on the surface.

Put well-selected base materials together with the right treatments, and you get glass components that keep performing well, even after years of navigation in harsh conditions.

Marine regulations

The production of glass for marine use does not happen in a vacuum. It is governed by a detailed regulatory framework, made up of international standards and specific requirements set by classification bodies. Together, these define the minimum requirements for mechanical strength, tightness and safety for glazed components installed on board.

Why does this matter so much? Because regulatory compliance is essential for a vessel’s approval and registration. It requires a certification process that includes laboratory testing, structural checks and detailed technical documentation.

That is why working with shipyards from the earliest design stages pays off. It helps align glazing solutions with applicable regulations, shortens validation times and ensures full traceability of components.

Custom vs. series production

Luxury and custom-build yachts often need glazing solutions developed specifically for the project. Think curved geometries, non-standard dimensions and technical specifications tailored to each individual build. Custom production makes it possible to meet these requirements precisely. It integrates structural and design constraints from the shipyard and design team right from the engineering stage.

Series production works differently. It remains the most efficient option for standardised components used on vessels built in larger volumes. Here, economies of scale help keep costs down, without giving up on quality.

So why does it help to manage both approaches under one roof? Because industrial partners in the marine sector can then rely on a single partner for the entire project lifecycle, from design through to final delivery.

In the field of security and high-performance transparent solutions, the EN 1063 standard is the European technical reference for the classification of bulletproof glass. Understanding its classes is essential for selecting the right solution for each application, from institutional buildings to armoured vehicles and critical infrastructure.

What is the EN 1063 standard

EN 1063 is the European standard that defines the test methods and classification criteria for bullet-resistant safety glass. Its purpose is to establish a common technical language, verifiable through standardised ballistic tests. This makes it possible to objectively compare the performance of products made by different manufacturers.

The tests set out in the standard are carried out by firing projectiles of defined calibre, velocity and type at a glass sample, from a fixed distance. To pass the test, the projectile must not penetrate the panel. In addition, any fragments on the side opposite the impact must not exceed specific size limits.

This criterion is known as spall assessment. It is an integral part of the classification and distinguishes glass that is truly suitable for protecting people from glass that offers only partial resistance.

The standard is now the benchmark adopted by designers, law enforcement agencies, government bodies and manufacturers of special vehicles when specifying security requirements in technical tender documents.

The BR (Bullet Resistant) classes

The BR classes, from BR1 to BR7, cover resistance to projectiles fired from short and long firearms, with calibres and velocities increasing along the scale. The lower band (BR1-BR3) typically covers low-energy handguns. Moving up the scale, the intermediate classes (BR4-BR5) introduce calibres more commonly used in civilian settings and common crime. The upper classes (BR6-BR7), finally, are intended for high-risk scenarios involving rifles and high-velocity ammunition.

Each BR class precisely specifies the type of weapon, the calibre of the projectile, its mass and the impact velocity required to pass the test. This level of detail makes it possible to select a level of protection genuinely proportionate to the risk of the application, avoiding both undersized solutions and unnecessary over-engineering that would increase costs and weight.

The SG classes

Alongside the BR classes, EN 1063 also includes two classes dedicated specifically to resistance against smooth-bore shotguns: SG1 and SG2. These classes address a distinct type of risk compared with rifled firearms. A shotgun, in fact, fires multiple pellets simultaneously, distributing energy across the glass surface differently from a single projectile.

Class SG1 corresponds to a lower threat level than SG2, which involves repeated shots fired at close range. The distinction between BR and SG classes therefore allows protection to be calibrated according to the type of weapon most likely to be encountered in a given context, such as security counters, banks or high-risk retail premises.

How to read the classification

Correctly interpreting an EN 1063 classification requires attention to three main elements.

The first is the class itself (for example BR4 or SG2), which identifies the threat level passed during the test. The second is the optional “S” or “NS” suffix, which indicates respectively the presence or absence of splinters beyond the permitted limits on the protected side. The “NS” designation (No Splinter) represents the highest performance level, as it guarantees the absence of dangerous fragments even in the event of a direct impact.

The third element to consider is the relationship between resistance class and panel thickness/weight, which varies according to the manufacturing technology and the glass build-up. For an equivalent declared class, products with lower thickness and weight offer significant advantages in terms of installation, structural management and ease of use, without compromising the certified level of security.

Summary table of classes

Class	Threat type	Reference weapon	Suffix
BR1 – BR3	Handguns, low energy	Small-calibre pistols	S / NS
BR4	Handguns, common calibres	Medium to high-calibre pistols	S / NS
BR5 – BR7	Long firearms, high energy	Rifles and high-velocity ammunition	S / NS
SG1	Smooth-bore shotgun, single shot	Shotgun	S / NS
SG2	Smooth-bore shotgun, repeated shots	Shotgun	S / NS

Choosing the correct class should always start with an assessment of the specific risk context, carried out together with a technical partner able to guarantee certified products that comply with the requirements of the EN 1063 standard.

When designing a security solution, the choice between bullet-resistant glass and anti-intrusion glass is never straightforward. Both belong to the broader category of safety and security glass. However, they respond to fundamentally different protection needs. First of all, understanding the technical and regulatory differences between them helps identify the right solution for every application, from civil construction to defence, aerospace and security architecture.

What is anti-intrusion glass

Anti-intrusion glass is designed to resist break-in attempts, accidental impact or vandalism. Its primary function is to slow down or prevent access. As a result, this gives enough resistance time to deter intrusion or to allow law enforcement to intervene.

From a construction standpoint, anti-intrusion glass is generally a multi-layer laminated glass, made of several glass panes bonded with high-strength polymer interlayers. Consequently, as the number of layers and the overall thickness increase, so does the level of resistance to impact, repeated blows and attempted forced entry with hand tools.

For this reason, this type of glass is used in commercial buildings, banks, showrooms and private residences. More broadly, it is used in any setting where glazed openings need protection from intrusion attempts without requiring ballistic-grade performance.

What is bullet-resistant glass

Bullet-resistant, or ballistic, glass is engineered to withstand the impact of projectiles fired from firearms. Its goal is to stop penetration and protect what lies beyond the glazed surface. Additionally, this is a technologically more complex product, built from multiple layers of glass and polycarbonate calibrated to absorb and dissipate the kinetic energy of the impact.

Overall, the thickness and composition of the glazing package vary according to the required level of protection. This, in turn, depends on the weapon type, the projectile calibre and the firing distance defined by the threat scenario. For example, Isoclima develops bullet-resistant solutions for high-criticality sectors, including armoured vehicles and other applications for the defence sector and sensitive infrastructure, where ballistic protection is a non-negotiable requirement.

Reference standards (EN 356 vs EN 1063)

The distinction between the two glass types is also reflected precisely at the European regulatory level.

Firstly, standard EN 356 governs glass resistance to manual attack and impact. Specifically, it classifies products into classes from P1A to P8B, based on the number of blows withstood and the type of tool used in testing, from drop weight to axe. Overall, this is the reference standard for anti-intrusion glass.

Standard EN 1063, on the other hand, regulates the ballistic resistance of glass. In particular, it defines protection classes from BR1 to BR7, as well as specific classes for rifle ammunition (SG1, SG2). Each class corresponds to a defined weapon type, calibre and projectile velocity used in testing, which ensures an objective classification system that is comparable internationally.

Overall, knowing these classifications is essential for specifying the correct product at the tender stage. Above all, this helps avoid any ambiguity between mechanical protection levels and ballistic protection levels, which are in no way interchangeable.

When to choose one over the other

The choice between anti-intrusion glass and bullet-resistant glass depends on an assessment of the specific risk the project is exposed to. For instance, anti-intrusion glass is the right solution when the goal is to prevent theft, break-ins or vandalism in civil and commercial settings.

By contrast, bullet-resistant glass becomes necessary when there is a concrete risk associated with firearms, including institutional buildings, high-sensitivity banks, armoured vehicles, critical infrastructure and defence applications. In these contexts, ballistic protection is not an optional extra but a structural project requirement.

In many cases, the final decision also involves other variables, such as the overall weight of the structure and local industry regulations. For this reason, involving a technical partner during the design phase helps optimise the solution in relation to the actual level of threat.

Comparison table

Feature	Anti-intrusion glass	Bullet-resistant glass
Objective	Resistance to break-in, impact, vandalism	Stopping projectile penetration
Reference standard	EN 356	EN 1063
Classes	P1A to P8B	BR1 to BR7, SG1-SG2
Typical thickness	Moderate	Significant, depending on threat level
Main applications	Civil and commercial construction, retail, banks	Defence, armoured vehicles, critical infrastructure

Bulletproof glass is a high-performance material. It is designed to withstand bullets, explosive fragments and forced entry attempts.

Contrary to what the name suggests, it is not simply thick glass. Instead, it is a layered composite system. It combines different materials to guarantee protection, transparency and structural integrity.

Bulletproof glass is used in the military, banking, automotive and architectural sectors. Today, it is a mature technical solution. It is also regulated at European level.

Composition and Materials

Bulletproof glass comes from joining multiple layers of transparent materials. Adhesion promoters bond these layers together. The typical structure includes:

• Layers of float or tempered glass. These provide rigidity and resistance to the initial impact.
• Layers of polycarbonate (PC). This is a thermoplastic polymer with high impact resistance. It absorbs the bullet’s residual energy.
• Interlayers. These hold fragments together if the glass breaks. They also increase energy absorption.

The total thickness of a bulletproof panel usually ranges from 20 mm to over 70 mm. This depends on the level of protection required.

Some advanced systems also add layers of chemically tempered glass or composite materials. Military applications use these especially often. Here, the goal is to reduce weight without lowering ballistic performance.

How It Resists Bullets

The idea behind bulletproof glass is simple: it dissipates the bullet’s kinetic energy gradually. This happens through the different layers of the composite. On impact, three mechanisms activate in sequence.

1. First, the outer glass layer deforms and cracks. This layer absorbs the hit. It cracks and starts absorbing energy. As a result, it slows the bullet down and deforms its tip.
2. Next, the interlayers absorb energy. The polymer films between the layers stretch elastically. This spreads the energy over a wider surface. It also stops fractures from spreading out of control.
3. Finally, the polycarbonate layer stops the bullet. Thanks to its high toughness, this inner layer holds the fragments together. It stops the bullet before it can pass through the panel completely.

So, the system does not “block” the bullet like a wall. Instead, it slows the bullet down step by step until it stops. At the same time, it keeps fragments from flying toward the interior.

EN 1063 Resistance Classes

In Europe, the EN 1063 standard regulates the classification of bulletproof glass. This standard defines seven ballistic resistance classes, from BR1 to BR7. It also adds two classes for resistance to bursts of fire: SG1 and SG2.

Each class depends on three factors: the ammunition used, the bullet’s velocity, and the firing distance.

Class	Test weapon	Caliber
BR1	Rifle	.22 LR
BR2	Handgun	9 mm Parabellum
BR3	Handgun	.357 Magnum
BR4	Handgun	.44 Magnum
BR5	Rifle	5.56 × 45 mm
BR6	Rifle	7.62 × 51 mm
BR7	Rifle	7.62 × 51 mm

During testing, each sample takes three shots in sequence. It only passes if none of the shots fully penetrate the panel. Because of this, the standard is the mandatory reference for professional, institutional and governmental supplies.

Main Applications

Automotive

In the automotive sector, armoured vehicles use bulletproof glass. These vehicles often transport institutional figures, diplomats, security personnel and valuables.

The panels must meet strict requirements. These cover curvature, weight and integration with armoured doors. Government vehicles generally need at least class BR6. Civilian VIP applications, on the other hand, often use BR4 or BR5.

Defence

In the military and government sphere, bulletproof glass appears in tactical vehicles, fixed positions, turrets and advanced command structures. Here, multilayer composites combine glass, polycarbonate and ballistic ceramics. The goal is clear: keep the overall weight down while still protecting against armour-piercing ammunition and blast fragments.

Buildings

Architects also use bulletproof glass in banks, embassies, courts, control centres and other high-risk facilities. In these cases, the panels need more than ballistic resistance. They must also meet the aesthetic and thermal requirements of modern buildings.

The EN 1063 standard applies here too. Often, it works alongside EN 356, which covers resistance to manual break-in.

Artemis II has blasted off toward lunar orbit: The Launch and the 10-Day Journey

Overnight on April 1, 2026, NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) rocket successfully lifted off from the Kennedy Space Center, carrying the Orion capsule and its crew. This marks a historic milestone: it is the first crewed mission of the Artemis program and humanity’s first journey beyond low Earth orbit since the Apollo era.

A Flawless Liftoff Right on schedule, the rocket executed its launch sequence perfectly:

Main Engine Cutoff: Eight and a half minutes after liftoff, the core stage completed its burn, separated from the upper stage, and began its descent toward a planned ocean splashdown.

Booster Separation: About two minutes into the flight, the twin solid rocket boosters exhausted their fuel and safely detached.

Core Stage Propulsion: The immense task of pushing the spacecraft forward then passed to the four powerful engines of the core stage.

Link: https://www.geopop.it/artemis-ii-e-partita-quattro-astronauti-in-viaggio-verso-la-luna-per-la-prima-volta-in-oltre-50-anni/

While 86% of companies invest for AI in business, only 43% prepare their employees to use it effectively, and just 19% of workers feel adequately skilled.

Accenture’s “Talent Reinventors” study highlights 18% of organizations that successfully integrate AI into daily work, fostering collaboration and continuous skill development.

These companies see major gains in culture, employee experience, workforce adaptability, and anticipate 2025 revenue and profit growth of 1.8% and 1.4%, respectively.

The transition to AI is having a significant impact on people: 55% of workers report “cognitive overload,” and 49% fear that AI could impact their jobs. Research highlights that the ability to generate value from AI increasingly depends not only on technology but also on leadership, visibility of skills, and psychological safety within organizations.

Link: https://forbes.it/2026/03/31/ai-in-azienda-investimenti-elevati-ma-competenze-ancora-insufficienti